Major Goals and Objectives

• Calculate the loads of 17α- and 17β-estradiol, estrone, and estriol, nitrate, and dissolved reactive phosphorus exported from a subsurface tile drain and a receiving ditch
• Compare the export dynamics of nutrients and hormones in response to animal waste applications
• Assess the potential for nutrient best management practices (e.g., no-till, buffer strips, wetlands, etc.) to reduce hormone export from tile-drained agroecosystems